Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Final - Essay Example The word antique has been outlined by the poet to differentiate between those who don’t believe and those who believe (Dickson, 2591). The bible for example has been utilized to alienate the non believers and the believers. The deeply held conviction among the believers is seen not to have any bearings. The believers who are less in numbers are trying to find God by finding out that relationship that existed between him and the people who lived long time ago as presented by the bible. The poet acknowledges that those looking for God’s guidance through the bible posses a relationship that is second hand to the loving and deeply personal God. Many of the boys who don’t believe tend to reject God because they believe that he is impersonal and outdated. She claims that the problem lies with the type of presentation that exists. The use of the word warble is however interesting. Calling song bird images to mind is a subtle nod aimed at bringing out her confidence in connection to the almighty God. She asserts that the people should be used to condemn people but has to lead them toward improving their relationships with the almighty God. She utilizes the poem in educating the youths and young men to seek God through studying the bible. She also advices preachers to avoid condemning the young men through use the bible. She uses the word; it didn’t condemn referring to the bible as the word of God (Dickson, 2591). Emily Dickson is seen to support the pagan and to criticize and make a mockery of God in most of her poems. The antireligious tone in most of her poems has been avoided in literature studies to paint a better picture to the society. The poet has used the bible as a mean of ensuring her message is able to reach the people. The term boys are symbolic and have been used to refer the many the people in the world. Dickson is easily appreciated and

Investigating Basic Circuits Essay Example for Free

Investigating Basic Circuits Essay Introduction What is an electrical circuit? How can you manipulate components and design a circuit that will do what you want it to? This guided activity will introduce you to some components, tools, and concepts that are fundamental in electronics. It will allow you to investigate and discover: What are voltage, current, and resistance? How are they related to one another? What are some of the basic components that make up simple circuits and what do they do? What are the important characteristics of a circuit and how do I measure different parts of a circuit? How do I measure voltage in a circuit? How does the arrangement of components affect the characteristics of the circuit? How do I work safely with circuits? How can I use calculations to design circuits before I start creating one? Equipment Digital Logic Board (DLB) or breadboard (2) Light emitting diodes (LEDs) (2) 330 Ohm resistors (orange/orange/brown/gold or silver) Digital multimeter (DMM) #22 Gauge solid wire Procedure Follow the instructions to create different types of circuits. As you create each circuit, you will be asked to make measurements and record observations to gain understanding about the circuit and its components. Let us begin by investigating two components that are commonly used in circuits. They are resistors and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Part A: Creating a Circuit and Measuring a Circuit’s Properties 1. A Simple Circuit Arrange the components according to the picture shown. You will need to plug the USB cable from the myDAQ into your computer to provide power to the Protoboard. Notice that the LED has a flat notch on one side. Make sure the notch is  initially oriented on the bottom as shown in the picture. In this arrangement, the flow of conventional current is from the top (5V) to the bottom (0V) through the resistor and the LED. What do you think the role is of the resistor in this circuit? (1a) Components on a Breadboard (1b) Circuit Diagram In a circuit, the flow of conventonal current can be described as a positive charge moving through a complete circuit path (VCC to GND). Can you trace the flow of conventional current in both of the above pictures? 2. With the LED illuminated, flip the direction of the LED on the breadboard (notch on top now), and then flip it back to its original position (notch on bottom). What does your observation tell you about diodes (and LEDs)? 3. Using the DMM to Measure Values Making sure that the RED lead is plugged into (V) and the black lead is plugged into (COM) on the Digital Multi-Meter (DMM), turn the DMM on to direct current voltage range 0-600V or first click (see 3a). Place the RED DMM lead on the top of the resistor, and the black lead on the bottom of the LED. Note the reading on the DMM. Now switch the DMM leads. (3a) Digital Multimeter DMM(3b) Reading voltage across the resistor and LED What did you notice about the value on the DMM when you switched the leads? 4. Now place the DMM leads across the circuit as you did initially in picture (3b) and turn the DMM to the next smallest voltage range (0-200V). You may need a classmate to help you. Note the value on the DMM and then turn one more click to the next smallest ranges (0-20V). What is happening on the display with each click, as the range you are measuring gets smaller and smaller? 5. Turn one last click of the DMM to read the range (0-2V). What happened and why? What was the most accurate measurement were you able to make of the voltage across the resistor and LED? 6. Set the DMM to the range that will give you the most accurate voltage  measurement and touch the lead across the two ends of the red wire. Note the reading on the DMM. Now touch the leads across the two ends of the black wire. Note the reading. (6a) (6b) Voltage (ΔV=Vf-Vi) is a description of a components potential to do work. (1 volt means the component could do 1 joule of work for every coulomb of charge that passes though it (1V= 1J/1C). In order for a component to do work, there must be a difference in the potential across the component to do work (often called a potential difference). Why do you think the reading was the same for both of these sections of the circuit? What you have just observed is exactly why birds can land on high power lines unharmed. 7. In Step 3 you measured the voltage across the resistor and the LED combined. Now touch the leads across both ends of the resistor. Note the reading on the DMM. (a) Voltage across LED and Resistor (b) Voltage across Resistor Only Can you guess the reading you will see when you touch the DMM leads across the LED only? Were you correct? Why did you guess that value? 8. You might be asking why we need a resistor in this circuit. Is it doing any work? Some components have limitations on how much electrical current can pass through them or how much voltage they should have across them. We can calculate the relationships between Voltage, Current, and Resistance for a component using Ohm’ Law (V=IR). Let’s assume the voltage you saw across the 330â„ ¦ resistor was roughly 3V when the circuit was active. What is the conventional current (measured in Amps) traveling through the resistor according to Ohm’s Law? In this arrangement, the electrical current has only one path through the components (top to bottom in the picture). These components can be described as being in series with each other. The amount of current flowing through an LED must each be equal in the same path. Warning: Do not attempt to verify the current in the circuit at this time using the DMM. While the DMM can  handle this amount of current, you must learn how to use the ammeter portion of the DMM properly to protect it from blowing a fuse. Shorting voltage sources is dangerous and can damage the DMM. Part B: Series and Parallel Circuits 9. These two identical 330â„ ¦ resistors are in series with each other. There is only one path through the circuit from the power source to the ground. In this diagram, the power source is a 9V battery. One end of the battery has 9V of potential to do work (positive terminal-top). The other end of the battery has zero potential to do work (negative terminal/ground-bottom). (a) Based on your observations, what would you expect the voltage read if you touched the DMM across both R1 and R2? (b) Due to the fact that R1 and R2 are identical, what would you guess is the voltage across each resistor is individually? Why? (c) We can actually replace these two resistors with one resistor that would have the same impact on the circuit. (This theoretical resistor is called an equivalent resistor). What would the value of this equivalent resistor have to be in Ohms (â„ ¦)? 10. Create this series circuit on your breadboard. With both LEDs illuminated, remove one of the LEDs from the circuit path. What happened and why? 11. You can try 3 LEDs in series but none will light up. Why do you think that is? 12. Components in a circuit can also be arranged in parallel. Create this parallel circuit on your breadboard. With both LEDs illuminated, what happens if you remove one of the LEDS from the circuit path? 13. Using the diagram shown to you in Step 9 for series circuit as a reference, can you draw a circuit diagram showing 2 resistors in parallel?  (Draw circuit below) 14. In a series circuit all component have the same current (Amps) flowing them (even if the resistors have different values. That is not the case for components in parallel with each other. What do components in parallel share in common? 15. Based on your observations and what you have learned about parallel circuits, use Ohm’s Law (V=IR) to calculate the current in each of the 3 resistors? Imagine you add more two more resistors (R4 and R5) in parallel. For each new path to the battery you create, what do you think that does to the total amount of current going into and out of the battery? Conclusion 1. Describe the proper way to place the DMM leads and the steps you use to attain the most precise measurement value for voltage across components using a Digital Multimeter (DMM). 2. If the value on the DMM is negative, what does that tell you about the orientation of the DMM leads in relation to the flow of conventional current? 3. LEDs and resistors transfer electrical energy into light and thermal energy. What is an important characteristic about LEDs (and diodes) that make it unique compared to a resistor? 4. In your own words, describe what it means for components to be in series with each other. What characteristic do components in a series always share in common? (Voltage, Current, or Resistance) 5. In your own words, describe what it means for components to be in parallel with each other. What characteristic do components in parallel always share in common? (Voltage, Current, or Resistance) Going Further 6. In this investigation you were introduced to the idea of equivalent resistance (replacing multiple resistors in series with one that does the same job. Equivalent resistance for a series circuits can be shown as a simple mathematical expression. How would you express this relationship to the total resistance in the circuit mathematically? 7. A theoretical equivalent resistor can be placed in parallel circuits and shown mathematically as well. This relationship is a little less straight forward than equivalent resistance in series circuits. With a little research, can you determine how the equivalent resistance for this parallel circuit would be expressed mathematically? We will expand our understanding on these concepts in later activities.

Emerging Issues For Cultural And Urban Tourism Tourism Essay

Emerging Issues For Cultural And Urban Tourism Tourism Essay Firms are acknowledged to be important actors involved in the deployment of resources available to a tourism destination. In turn, successful tourism firms can contribute to building the competitive advantage of tourism destinations through affecting a destinations tourism product or service. The present study analyses business performance in urban tourism using networks and entrepreneurial perceptions over a citys asset base as a framework of competitive performance. Business performance is measured in terms of productive efficiency-that is, technical and scale efficiency. Results indicate that networks and entrepreneurial perceptions of a citys asset base constitute important determinants of the successful operation of tourism businesses. INTRODUCTION Tourism has developed into one of the worlds most important industries, with more than 846 million international tourist trips globally in 2006 (World Tourism Organisation). It is also one of the fastest-growing sectors of the UK economy, worth  £85 billion in 2005 and employing some 2 million people (Star UK). As a result, tourism is associated with the injection of revenue into national, regional and local economies. Ref: www.forestresearch.gov.uk/fr/urgc-7EEGJR Urban Tourism: The Visitor Economy or Growth of big Cities, Christopher Law examines the relationship between tourism and urban areas. He distinguishes between primary and secondary, and additional elements of citys tourism resources. Primary elements provide the reasons why tourists use to visit cities. Secondary elements is accommodation and shopping as well as more elements like transportation or tourist information are also very important for the success of urban tourism, but they are not the main attractor of visitors. Urbanisation and process of acute city growth due to high productive economic activities around the city, often at the expense of rural and agricultural hinterlands, is largely a product of the 20th Century particularly in the wake of the Industrial Revolution and the arrival of Automobile Industry. Globalization is promiscuous, controversial word that often obscures more than it reveals about the geographical, environmental, economic, political, social, and cultural changes. It is good used to denote a multi centric, multi scalar, multiform, and multi causal process, which has much less of explanting and more of explanandum. In recent analysis globalization has found to be about place and scale. This argues is that infiltrating of globalization to cities and identities as challenging paradigm. According to Castells (1993:247), cities are inherently composite entities. That is why they are the result of changing structural determinants interacting with multiple specificities rooted in history. Capitalist to make a change since the crisis of the 1970s has produced the latest structural determinants, collectively termed globalization, which have created new world cities (Friedmann, 1986) or global cities (Sassen, 1991). However this is only part of story. In addition, the historical and cultural characterizing are not constants; their efects on city development alter as changing economic and political bring forth new meanings for old practices (Taylor Hoyler, 2000). In urban planning area it is often difficult to track the origin of some concepts as in the sciences. Theories and ideas are often products of collective to try. It would be very difficult to identify who used the term globalization for first time. According to Waters whose book titled Globalization is fine primer, Robertson was one of the early users of term (Robertson, 1983; 1992). The topic Globalisation and the attendant challenges for politics, economics, culture and humanity in the human society has become a source of big concern for religious leaders and leader of thought around the world. Now when joined with the actuality of Urbanisation and Post Modernity, the challenges become even more typical. The invention in modern communication technology with emergence of the computer or internet, which have defeat space and contract the world to a global village, the globalisation of the economy and industry, by which a few countries are growing ever more affluent, while the fortunes of the number of people are ever worsening. That is why the phenomenon of internationalisation as well as urbanization and post-modernity which in many ways influence how people live and relate, should be a matter of concern to leaders of the Christian Church. In this matter therefore we shall think carefully about what the world was like before the era of globalisation and what globalisation has brought upon morality the good, the bad and the ugly aspect of the fact. We should look at the rising trend in urbanization and what challenges it sets to wholesome human existence. Then we shall look at the complex originality of post-modernity and how it challenges our religious, spiritual and social values. We shall then discuss the way Urban tourism is the group of tourist resources or activities situated in towns and cities and offered to visitors from elsewhere. Historic attributes of buildings, neighbourhoods, and special landmarks emphasize the local character of an area. Historic districts are normally very pedestrian friendly with a mix of attractions and amenities that are not so complex. Not matter if it is for transportation or entertainment, urban waters have always attracted people out of need or pleasure. Convention Centres and Exhibitions are mostly called as one of the staples of city tourism. In some cities, up to forty percent of those staying overnight have come for this type of business tourism. Festivals and Events have become a popular means for cities to boost tourism. They range in size and number from one time events like the World Exhibition or the Olympics to annual events like Folk Music Festivals or Gallery Nights. Friendliness is also one of the most important cultural features of the tourism industry. Professionalism and excellence of service provided to visitors begins with friendliness. Key factors in visitors decision to visit a place are friendly, hospitable people. MAIN BODY NEW YORK  Ã‚  In his essay Taming the Bicycle, Mark Twain cautiously recommended bicycling: You will not regret it, if you live. That has always gone doubly for biking in New York. But the city has undergone a two-wheeled makeover. In the past four years, the New York City Department of Transportation has added more than 200 miles of bikes lanes. The number of cyclists has increased 80 percent in the past decade. The citys goal is 1,800 miles of total bike lanes by 2030. Earlier this year, National Geographic Traveller magazine did something that might once have been unthinkable: It ranked New York the second-most bike-friendly city in the country, after Portland, Ore. While biking has exploded for New Yorkers, tourists are quietly following. It is, after all, a great way to experience a new place: Faster than walking so you can cover a lot of ground, but far closer to your surroundings than a car. In New York, it can be dizzying: rolling past Washington Square Park one moment, breezing along the Hudson River the next. In a city where freedom of movement can often feel gridlocked, on a bike, one sails through the throngs. Musician and New Yorker David Byrne wrote in his 2009 book Bicycle Diaries that riding through a city is like navigating the collective neural pathways of some vast global mind. The neural pathways of New York, though, are often strewn with potholes, aggressive drivers, unobservant pedestrians and often the worst of all pushy cyclists. New York has been significantly tamed when it comes to biking, but it isnt exactly Amsterdam. Nevertheless, tourists, having long endured double-decker buses and plodding ferries, are understandably looking for a new vantage point. A number of tours have sprung up and found visitors willing to strap on a helmet. www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39536483/ns/travel-destination_travel/ Tourism in the United States  is a big industry that serves millions of international and domestic tourists. Tourists visit the US to see natural wonders, historic landmarks and entertainment venues. Americans seek same attractions, as well as recreation areas. Tourism in the United States grew vastly in the form of urban tourism during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By the 1850s, tourism in the United States was fully established both as a cultural activity and as an industry.  New York,  Washington, D.C.  and San Francisco, all main US cities, attracted a huge number of tourists by the 1890s. By 1915, city touring had marked significant shifts in the way Americans perceived, organized and moved around in urbanisation. Democratization of travel takes place during the early twentieth century when the automobile changed travel. Similarly  air travel  changed travel during 1945-1969, contributing greatly to tourism in the United States. By 2007 the number of international tourists had reached to over 56 million people who spent $122.7 billion dollars, setting an all time record. The travel and  tourism industry  in the United States was among the first commercial casualties of the  September 11, 2001 attacks, a series of terrorist  on the US. Terrorists used four commercial airliners as means of destruction, all of which were collapsed in the attacks with 3,000 casualties. In the US, tourism is either the first, second or third biggest employer in 29 states, employing 7.3 million in 2004, to take care of 1.19 billion trips tourists took in the US in 2005. As of 2007, there are 2,462 National Historic Landmarks  (NHL) recognized by the  United States government. As of 2008, the most popular  tourist attraction  in the US is  Times Square  in  Manhattan,  New York City  which attracts approximately 35 million visitors. New York,  Washington, D.C.  and  San Francisco, all big US cities, attracted a huge number of tourists by the 1890s.  New Yorks population raise from 300,000 in 1840 to 800,000 in 1850.  Chicago experienced a dramatic increased from 4,000 residents in 1840 to 300,000 by 1870. Dictionaries was first published the word tourist sometime in 1800, when it was referred to those going to Europe or making a trip of natural wonders in New York and  New England. The absence of urban tourism during the nineteenth century was in part because American cities lacked the architecture and art which attracted visitors to Europe. American cities try to offend the sensitive with ugliness and  commercialism  rather than inspire awe or aesthetic pleasure.  Some tourists were fascinated by the vast growth of the new urban areas: It is a big thing to watch the process of world-making; both the combination of the natural and the conventional world, wrote English writer Harriet Martineau i n 1837. By 1915, city touring had marked remarkable shifts in the way Americans aware, organized and moved around in urbanisation. Urban tourism became a earning industry in 1915 as the number of tour agencies, railroad departments, publishers and travel writers grew at a fast pace.  The expense of pleasure tours meant that only the minority of Americans between 1850 and 1915 can be experience the luxury of tourism.   Many Americans moved to find work, but few found time for enjoyment of the urbanisation. As transportation facilities improved, the length of commuting decreased, and income rose.  A growing number of Americans were able to afford short time vacations by 1915. During the first four periods of the twentieth century, long-haul journeys between large American cities were fulfilled using trains. By the 1950s, air travel was part of every-day life for most of the Americans.  The tourism industry in the US experienced  remarkable growth  as tourists could travel almost anywhere with a fast, reliable system.  For some Americans, a vacation in  Hawaii  was now a more regular activity. Air travel has been changed most of the thing from family vacations to  Major League Baseball, as had steam-powered trains in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. File:US International Arrivals 1997-2007 chart.png Forecast tourism (in thousands) Origin 2007[27] 2008[27] 2009[27] 2010[27] 2011[27] Canada 16,691 17,274 17,847 18,409 18,960 Mexico 13,717 14,127 14,529 14,921 15,304 Europe 10,951 11,407 11,822 12,230 12,632 Asia 6,348 6,710 7,050 7,390 7,730 South America 2,166 2,267 2,367 2,466 2,564 Caribbean 1,277 1,316 1,355 1,394 1,431 Central America 737 768 798 829 860 Oceania 804 838 872 905 937 Middle East 600 622 644 666 688 Africa 270 282 294 306 317 www.zaped.info/Tourism_in_the_United_States New Yorks food culture, influenced by citys immigrants and large number of dining patrons, is diverse.  Jewish  and  Italian  immigrants made city famous for  bagels,  cheese cake  and  New York-style pizza. Some of 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by city, many  immigrant-owned, have made Eastern foods such as  falafel  and  kebabs  standbys of about the same age New York street food.   The city is home to many of finest  haute cuisine  restaurants in the United States. Sporting events  are tourist events. Major places include  Yankee Stadium,  Citi Field, and  Madison Square Garden.  Street fairs  and street events like the  Halloween Parade  in  Greenwich Village and  New York Marathon  also attract tourists Environmental issues in  New York City  are affected by citys size, density,  abundant public transportation infrastructure and location at the mouth of  Hudson River. New York City also plays an important role in national environmental policy because of its size and position or wealth. New Yorks population density has been environmental benefits and dangers of the city. It facilitates the biggest  mass transit  use in United States, but also concentrates pollution. Gasoline consumption in the city is at the rate the average was in the 1920s,  and greenhouse  emissions are a fraction of the national average. The direct effect is the at the time benefit to persons and companies state away giving goods or services to travellers. Indirect effect is the secondary benefits to suppliers of goods and services to the state away indulged companies. For example a food wholesaler giving goods to a restaurant, the model is careful not to include from the impact calculations. The study entrust the making of a tourism monitoring unit by the US government to regulate the operation of industry as far as the areas of bio-diversity, culture and environment are concerned. The unit, once made should analyze properly and carefully control the negative impacts. It notes that, infrastructure should be better, insecurity weeded out that is likely to scare tourist away and bettering of tourist facilities like large hotels. It also notes that tourism that involved a number of countries and leaves most of the economic benefit outside country be should be discouraged. Ecotourism  is responsible  travel  to damage, pristine, and usually saved areas that strive to be low impact and small scale. Its purpose is to educate the traveller; provide funds for  ecological conservation; state away beneficial for the  economic development  and political empowerment of local communities; and cultivate respect for different cultures and for  human rights. Since the 1980s ecotourism has esteemed a critical endeavour by environmentalists, so that future generations may be experienced directed relatively untouched by human intervention.  Several university programs use this technique as the working definition of ecotourism. Normally, ecotourism focuses on  voluntarily, or volunteerism, personal development and environmental responsibility. Ecotourism typically committed to travel to goals where  flora,  fauna, and  cultural heritage  are the primary attractions. One of the destinations of ecotourism is to give tourists seeing into impact of human beings on the environment, and to cultivate a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Responsible ecotourism contains programs that compress the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and augment the cultural completeness of local people. Therefore, in addition to calculating environmental and cultural factors, a constituent part of ecotourism is the promotion of  recycling,  energy efficiency apartment,  water conservation, and creation of economic chances for communities.   For these reasons, ecotourism often supplication to environmental and social responsibility advocates. ECONOMIC NEGATIVE IMPACT Increases price of goods and services Increases price of land and housing Increases cost of living Increases potential for imported labour Cost for additional infrastructure (water, sewer, power, fuel, medical, etc.) Increases road maintenance and transportation systems costs Seasonal tourism creates high-risk, under- or unemployment issues Competition for land with other (higher value) economic uses Profits may be exported by non-local owners Jobs may pay low wages ENVIO|RNMENT NEGATIVE IMPACT Pollution (air, water, noise, solid waste, and visual) Loss of natural landscape and agricultural lands to tourism development Loss of open space Destruction of flora and fauna (including collection of plants, animals, rocks, coral, or artefacts by or for tourists) Degradation of landscape, historic sites, and monuments Water shortages Introduction of exotic species Disruption of wildlife breeding cycles and behaviours SOCIAL AND CULTURE NEGATIVE IMPACT Excessive drinking, alcoholism, gambling Increased underage drinking Crime, drugs, prostitution Increased smuggling Language and cultural effects Unwanted lifestyle changes Displacement of residents for tourism development Negative changes in values and customs Family disruption Exclusion of locals from natural resources New cliques modify social structure Natural, political, and public relations calamities A goal of developing the tourism industry in a community is maximizing selected positive impacts while minimizing potential negative impacts. First, it is essential to identify the possible impacts. Tourism researchers have identified a large number of impacts. Grouping the impacts into categories shows the types of impacts that could result from developing tourism in a community Tourism can be improved the quality of life in an area by increasing the number of attractions, opportunities, and services. Tourism offers residents offers to meet people, make friendships, learn more about the world, and to show themselves to new perspectives. Experiencing different cultural practices rewarding experiences broadens horizons, and increases seeing and appreciation for different an approximation to living. Often, decreasing interest in host cultures is resuscitated by reawakening cultural heritage as part of tourism development, which use to increases demand for historical and cultural. This interest by tourists in culture and history gives opportunities to help in maintain of historical architecture. By learning more others, their differences became less threatening and more interesting. At the same time, tourism often popularizes bigger levels of psychological satisfaction from opportunities made by tourism development and through interactions with who is going to t ravel. CONCLUSION For clarity, the tourism elements presented in this article have been largely treated separately; however, it is important to point out that there is a high degree of interrelatedness among the elements. They are being developed by cities for a variety of reasons including portraying a positive image, attracting visitors, and stimulating the urban economy. In the present, some of most popular tourist places in Europe are the big cities. We can say that these are compulsory places for tourists and can be considered advertisements for the respective country. Big towns are important for tourism because they are residences of national or regional governments, possesses monuments and important buildings; they are places which host important events and various ceremonies. They are business and commercial centres, host night life and provide multiple possibilities for fun. They are preferred because they provide a large variety of entertainments and full services in a relatively small area. However, towns must invest in all or in most of the components that make up the tourism area. It is not enough to invest in one or two components. The main quality of urban tourism does not consist in the fact that the existence of a big concentration of tourists cuts down the costs or increases the business efficiency, but in the fact that a large variety of services is necessary for a limited space, which is very attractive for tourism consumers. Sustainability interfaces with economics through the social and ecological consequences of economic activity. Sustainability economics involves ecological economics where social, cultural, health-related and monetary/financial aspects are integrated. Moving towards sustainability is also a social challenge that entails  international  and national  law,  urban planning  and  transport, local and individual  lifestyles  and  ethical consumerism. Ways of living more sustainably can take many forms from reorganising living conditions, reappraising economic sectors (perm culture,  green building,  sustainable agriculture), or work practices (sustainable architecture), using science to develop new technologies (green technologies,  renewable energy), to adjustments in individual  lifestyles  that conserve natural resources. BIBLIOGRAAPGHY Castells, M (1993) European cities, the informational society, and the global economy, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, No. 84, pp. 247-257. Friedmann, J (1986) The world city hypothesis, Development and Change, No.17, 69-84. Robertson, R (1983) Religion, global complexity and the human condition in absolute values and the creation of the new world, Vol. 1, New York: International Cultural Foundation. Sassen, S (1991) The global city. New York, London, Tokyo, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Taylor, P J and Hoyler, M (2000), The spatial order of european cities under conditions of contemporary globalization, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Vol. 91, No. 2, 176-189. http://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/fr/urgc-7EEGJR http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39536483/ns/travel-destination_travel/ http://www.zaped.info/Tourism_in_the_United_States

Audience engagement in King Oedipus Essay -- essays research papers

Sophocles, writing King Oedipus faced an unusual problem. He needed to find ways to engage an audience that has pre-knowledge of the plot and characters. He successfully does this to a high degree by using several techniques such as, irony, climax and anti-climaxes, plot and character twists, lack of resolution and foreshadowing. The most effective feature utilized by Sophocles is irony because it builds tension, keeps the audience alert and has the effect of black comedy. The most common kind of irony is spoken irony which occurs in most dialogues. Oedipus bans himself in the beginning ?His fate will be nothing worse Than banishment? (Sophocles 31) which is ironic. This example has both a tension building effect and an amusing effect on the audience, which further engages them. When Oedipus is talking to his real mother, Jocasta he says ?still to fear?my mother (Sophocles 52) it has an amusing effect on the audience. The overuse of irony is very effective because Sophocles is constantly recycling it, which gives a more humorous and irritating aspect to the play. Dramatic irony is used commonly throughout the play: sometimes obviously, sometimes it is more subtle. By using it so often it makes the audience think about the subtleties moments and how they could be ironic, which is a very clever way to keep their attention. When Jocasta figures out that she is in fact Oedipus?s mother, she tries to stop him from finding out, and ironically, Oedipus gets offended and more motivated to figure out the truth, as he believes that she thinks he is the offspring of slaves. This example builds tension because it gives a guarantee that he won?t give up until he figures out the truth. ?Oedipus whose name is afar? says this in the beginnin... ...the interesting part is ?your death?, suggests that he will actually die but he himself already made it impossible for anyone to kill him legally. This could foreshadow a relatively close death soon after the play ends. The foreshadowing also has the affect of making the audience to think and make them more alert. By using all these techniques together Sophocles successfully engages the audience throughout the play. The features attracts the modern audience by black comedy, making them use their imagination, relate to the characters by irritating them, the play keeps the audience alert to notice techniques, and makes them tense and relax over and over again. The fact that most important events occur off-stage forces them to imagine which gives a greater impression then of the actors trying to act it. It also gives a more individual interpretation of the play.

‘Harmonium’ and ‘Manhunt’ Essay

The speaker’s attitude towards his father in ‘Harmonium’ is honest and realistic. The speaker names the brand of his organ â€Å"Farrand Chapelette† and he names places such as ‘Marsden’ in Yorkshire possibly having a connection of where he and his father grew up. This makes the poem a lot more personnel and therefore the poet manages to gain sympathy from the reader. The use of honesty makes the poem a lot more sentimental whereas in ‘Manhunt’ the wife keeps their background quite discrete. Although the poem does explore the physical and mental effects of dealing with war injuries, it doesn’t include the wars in which he’s participated in and any other personnel information. The poem ‘Manhunt’ is a lot less specific than ‘Harmonium’, which makes it relevant to many other war victims. The husband in Manhunt is not open to his experiences of the past. The speaker in ‘Harmonium’ uses colloquial language to create a friendly, warm, conversational tone. In ‘Harmonium’ Simon Armitage uses language like â€Å"bundled off to the skip† to try and say that the Harmonium is broken. In the poem Manhunt the speaker uses a more compassionate tone, which makes the poem touching. This is created when she unravels the list of her husband’s injuries with each injury getting worse and more heart-breaking. Both of the poems use imagery to convey their feeling to their loved ones through images. In the poem ‘Harmonium’ the speaker’s father is portrayed as a broken ‘Harmonium’, which helps the reader visualize the physical and mental state of the child’s father. In the poem ‘Manhunt’ the husband is continuously referred to images reflecting his health. He is described as having a ‘fetus of metal beneath his chest’ giving the reader a visual image of the metal bullet buried beneath his skin. In the poem ‘Harmonium’ Simon Armitage uses parallelism to intensify the relationship between father and son. He does this by repeating ‘and he, being him†¦.and I, being me† this shows how the son will take the place of his father as time goes on. However in the poem ‘the Manhunt’ the speaker  links herself to her husband. Her husband is described as being the victim of a Manhunt and the poem explains how she is trying to regain her husband’s trust and confidence the idea that the husband is involved with this Manhunt is repeater throughout the poem. The wife is described as ‘widening her search’ to regain her husband; this links to the title ‘Manhunt’. In the poem ‘The Manhunt’ the speaker uses lots of sensational, loving verbs in the poem, reflecting the intimacy of husband and wife, and keen devotion from the wife hoping to heal her husband. The wife says that she is able to ‘climb the rungs of his broken ribs’, a closely observed detail of her hands exploring the altered body of her husband. The idea of the ladder is reflective of the effort involved in the wife’s gradual search for answers. This demonstrates the wife’s confidence when she speaks. However, in ‘Harmonium’ the speaker uses indefinite descriptions such as ‘shallow or sorry’ and ‘phrase or word’; this shows that the speaker is not very comfortable and confident about talking about his father, this suggests that he might be regretful or resentful of his past decisions. The writer feels inadequate. The poem ‘Harmonium’ has four stanzas of different lengths. The first stanza describes the harmonium ready to be throwed away. The next is a closer investigation of the instrument, with detailed descriptions of its parts. The third stanza considers the history of the instrument. The final stanza, which describes carrying the harmonium from the church, is concerned with the relationship between the speaker and his father. However in ‘The Manhunt’; the poem consists of a series of unrhymed couplets. This creates a sense of fragmentation, which matches the feelings of the soldier’s wife as she try’s to understand the man her husband has become. The poem describes the phases of a wife’s search for answers from her injured husband who has recently returned from a war zone. The poem ends when the search is closed. In conclusion the speaker’s attitudes in both poems are quite similar since they are both by Simon Armitage however the spea ker in ‘Harmonium’ takes a more honest and realistic approach with a colloquial tone than the discrete, unspecific, compassionate speaker in ‘The Manhunt’.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Article Essay Essays

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Article Essay Essays Sarbanes-Oxley Act Article Essay Essay Sarbanes-Oxley Act Article Essay Essay Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley ActThis article reappraisal is on the article written by David S. Addington called â€Å"Congress Should Repeal or Fix Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to Help Create Jobs. † The Heritage Foundation published the article on September 30 2013. In the article. the writer addresses concerns among companies remaining in conformity with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The writer indicates that subdivision 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley act has caused a fiscal load on companies. Companies spend a big sum of money to remain in conformity with the ordinances on subdivision 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Furthermore. companies could utilize the money spent on scrutinizing fiscal records to put in more concern lines and make more occupations ( Additon. 2011 ) . Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires companies to include a statement of the duty of the company direction for â€Å"establishing and keeping an equal internal control construction and processs for fiscal reporting† along with their study filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) . The one-year study must include an appraisal of the effectivity of the company’s internal control construction and processs for fiscal coverage. followed by holding a registered public accounting house â€Å"attest on. and study on the appraisal made by the direction. † This facet of the statute law requires companies to document of import fiscal paperss along with the reappraisal from the certified public accounting house ; it requires enormous attempt and big sums of money for companies to follow with this facet of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ( Additon. 2011 ) . The writer indicates that companies can utilize the money spent by companies to remain in conformity o n other concerns lines ; making more occupation chances and profiting the economic system. The writer demands that Congress should analyze whether subdivision 404 is needed. and if so. how to cut its dearly-won load on concerns. Modifying or revoking subdivision 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act can liberate concerns to excite the economic system ( Additon. 2011 ) . Businesses must remain in conformity with the jurisprudence to run expeditiously at all times. Companies should remain in conformity to acquire the assurance and trust from investors. The 2012 Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Survey listed where companies stand on reexamining cost. clip. attempts. processes to remain in conformity with the ordinances. Approximately 35 % of midsize organisations spend from $ 100. 000 to $ 500. 000 yearly. and about 80 % spend $ 1 million or less. By twelvemonth four of Sarbanes-Oxley conformity. most organisation are passing $ 100. 000 to $ 500. 000 yearly ( 2012 Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Survey ) ; this is comparatively a little sum of money compared the entire sum the company really makes. The Sarbanes-Oxley act protects the populace from unethical behaviour by companies. If the authorities does non keep companies accountable for their funding. it will take to unconfident investors in the market ; if the populace is non puting in concerns the economic system will non be better. The award the company pays to remain in conformity with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is at the right monetary value. accomplishing trust. and assurance from the popula ce. MentionsDavid S. Addington â€Å"Congress Should Repeal or Fix Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to Help Create Jobs. † The Heritage Foundation. September 30. 2011. Web. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. heritage. org/research/reports/2011/09/congress-should-repeal-or-fix-section-404-of-the-sarbanes-oxley-act-to-help-create-jobs 2012 Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Survey. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. protiviti. com/en-US/Documents/Surveys/2012-SOX-Compliance-Survey-Protiviti. pdf

Pigs Pork and Animal Rights - What is Wrong with Eating Pork

Pigs Pork and Animal Rights - What is Wrong with Eating Pork Approximately 100 million pigs are killed for food each year in the United States, but some people choose not to eat pork for a variety of reasons, including concerns about animals rights, the welfare of the pigs, the effects on the environment, and their own health. Pigs and Animal Rights A belief in animal rights is a belief that pigs and other sentient beings have a right to be free of human use and exploitation. Breeding, raising, killing and eating a pig violates that pigs right to be free, regardless of how well the pig is treated. While the public is becoming more aware of factory farming and demanding humanely raised and slaughtered meat, animal rights activists believe that there is no such thing as humane slaughter. From an animal rights perspective, the only solution to factory farming is veganism. Pigs and Animal Welfare Those who believe in animal welfare believe that humans can ethically use animals for our own purposes as long as the animals are treated well while they are alive and during slaughter. For factory farmed pigs, there is little argument that the pigs are treated well. Factory farming began in the 1960s, when scientists realized that agriculture was going to have to become much more efficient to feed an exploding human population. Instead of small farms raising pigs outdoors in pastures, larger farms started raising them in extreme confinement, indoors. As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency explains: There has also been a significant change in how and where hogs are produced in the U.S. over the past 50 years. Low consumer prices, and therefore low producer prices, have resulted in larger, more efficient operations, with many smaller farms no longer able to produce pigs profitably. Pigs are cruelly abused on factory farms from the time they are little piglets. Piglets routinely have their teeth clipped, have their tails cut off and are castrated without anesthesia. After weaning, the piglets are put in crowded pens with slotted floors for the manure to fall through, into a manure pit. In these pens, they each typically have only three square feet of room. When they become too large, they are moved to new pens, also with slotted floors, where they have eight square feet of space. Because of crowding, the spread of disease is a constant problem and the entire herd of animals is given antibiotics as a precaution. When they reach their slaughter weight of 250-275 pounds, at around five to six months of age, most are sent off to slaughter while a small number of females become breeding sows. After being impregnated, sometimes by a boar and sometimes artificially, breeding sows are then confined in gestation stalls that are so tiny, the animals cannot even turn around. Gestation stalls are considered so cruel, they have been banned in several countries and in several U.S. states, but are still legal in most states. When the breeding sows fertility drops off, usually after five or six litters, she is sent off to slaughter. These practices are not only routine but legal. No federal law governs the raising of farmed animals. The federal Humane Slaughter Act applies only to slaughter practices, while the federal Animal Welfare Act explicitly exempts animals on farms. State animal welfare statutes exempt animals raised for food and/or practices that are routine in the industry. While some may call for more humane treatment of the pigs, allowing the pigs to roam on pastures would make animal agriculture even more inefficient, requiring even more resources. Pork and the Environment Animal agriculture is inefficient because it takes so much more resources to grow crops to feed to pigs than it would be to grow crops to feed to people directly. It takes about six pounds of feed to produce a pound of pork. Growing those extra crops requires additional land, fuel, water, fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, labor and other resources. The extra agriculture will also create more pollution, such as pesticide and fertilizer runoff and fuel emissions, not to mention the methane that the animals produce. Captain Paul Watson of Sea Shepherd Conservation Society calls domestic pigs, the world’s largest aquatic predator, because they eat more fish than all the sharks in the world combined. We’re just pulling fish out of the ocean to convert it into fish meal for the raising of livestock, for pigs primarily. Pigs also produce a lot of manure, and factory farms have come up with elaborate systems for storing solid or liquid manure until it can be used as fertilizer. However, these manure pits or lagoons are environmental disasters waiting to happen. Methane sometimes becomes trapped under a layer of foam in a manure pit and explodes. Manure pits can also overflow or can become flooded, polluting the groundwater, streams, lakes and drinking water. Pork and Human Health The benefits of a low-fat, whole foods vegan diet have been proven, including lower incidences of heart disease, cancer and diabetes. The American Dietetic Association supports a vegan diet: It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that appropriately planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Because pigs are now bred to be leaner, pork is not as unhealthy as it once was, but is no health food. Because they are high in saturated fats, the Harvard School of Public Health recommends avoiding red meats, including beef, pork and lamb. Aside from the risks of eating pork, supporting the pork industry means supporting an industry that endangers the public health and not just the health of people who choose to eat pork. Because the pigs are constantly given antibiotics as a preventive measure, the industry fosters the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Similarly, the pork industry spreads swine flu, or H1N1, because the virus mutates so quickly and spreads quickly among closely-confined animals as well as to farm workers. The environmental issues also mean that pig farms endanger their neighbors health with manure and disease.

USTDA1 essays

USTDA1 essays After going to the Tradeport website, I have decided to do my paper on a US federal government agency. I explored a few of the agencies and decided to choose the US Trade and Development Agency. The US Trade and Development Agency (TDA) is a small independent agency. It is comprised of about forty-one people. The director is Mr. J. Joseph Grandmaison, who was nominated by President Bill Clinton. The TDA with the help of the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee works with the Department of Commerce, the Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and other agencies to advance American business interest in other countries. They are primarily involved in the agriculture, energy, environment, health care, information technology manufacturing, mining and mineral development, telecommunications, transportation, and water resources areas. This is the TDA Mission Statement: The U. S. Trade and Development Agency assists in the creation of jobs for Americans by helping U.S. companies pursue overseas business opportunities. Through the funding of feasible studies, orientation visits, specialized training grants, business workshops, and various forms of technical assistance, we enable American businesses to compete for infrastructure and industrial projects in middle-income and developing countries (1). The TDA funds project planning activities which directly influences the decisions related to major industrial projects. In other words, these are projects that represent millions of dollars in US export potential. TDA works to ensure that the services and products needed for projects will be stamped Made in the USA (How TDA Operates 1). An example of some of the goods and services are radar for airports in Asia and process controls for refineries in Latin America. The TDA is active in over forty countries throughout the world. Sometimes, however, statutory, and policy restraints e...

TMA04_B200B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TMA04_B200B - Essay Example Weber saw all large organisations as bureaucratic in nature and the need to control and regulate work routines. Emile Durkheim was much less concerned with matters of work and organisation than Weber and Marx (Lincoln, 2004) but did write substantially on culture, which has an indirect significance for the study of organisations. Weber argued that organizations are means of coordinating human activities and what they produce in a systematic way, and emphasized the role of controlling information in developing organisations as well as written rules related to its functioning. In short, his concept of the bureaucratic organisation is characterised by a clear hierarchical structure, rules and regulations, division of labour and specialisation etc. In a bureaucracy, roles and relationships are clearly defined, and it is based on a legal-rational type of authority derived â€Å"from the belief in the legitimacy of law† (Nickinovich, 2000, p. 267). Also in a bureaucracy, offices are clearly specified and officials are appointed on the basis of a contract being subject to a unified control and disciplinary system (Salaman reader, p. 98-99). Weber regarded bureaucracy as â€Å"the most efficient way of running large organisations† (Buchanan, 1997, p. 366) because of its rational basis, and likened them to sophisticated machines. He also associated it with precision, reliability and speed. It is the standardisation in terms of rules and procedures to govern employee behaviour and decisions taken according to set criteria, that gives bureaucracy its strength. This is because â€Å"rules serve to direct individual action in ways that promote the technical efficiency of the organisation† (Nickinovich, 2000, p. 268). Contrary to Weber regarding bureaucracy as efficient, in practice it is also considered to be inefficient, so much so that the term ‘bureaucracy’ now has some negative connotations as it did

FIN unit 5 IP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FIN unit 5 IP - Essay Example By establishing production facilities in other countries especially where the cost of production is low, the firm starts to import its products back to home. Vernon’s product life-cycle theory was initially developed in US due to the fact that the most of new products were initiated in the US market. As more regions became developed, the theory was emulated by other countries such as China and Japan among other countries. One of the notable strengths of the Vernon’s product life-cycle theory is that it clearly explains the historical development of foreign domestic investment (Moffett et al, 2009). Nevertheless, based on the complexity in the production process globally, Vernon’s product life-cycle theory cannot neatly hold. For instance, as many countries initiate production systems, new products are being introduced at the same time in addition to establishment of production facilities in many countries simultaneously. Based on stiff competition that is been ex perienced in the current business atmosphere, many countries are focused at supporting their local companies by offering incentives such as tax subsidies and training of their work force. One of the major reasons as to why host countries, resist cross-border acquisitions is that they view them as foreign companies who are aimed at taking over their local firms without creating employment opportunities. On the other hand, host countries, view green field investments as economic drivers that are focused at establishing new production facilities that acts as major sources of employment for the local residents (Wang, 2005). Additionally, some host companies are viewed as competitors whose aim is to create products that are similar to those of the host companies. As a result, the local firms are faced with fewer sales leading to reduced amount of tax paid to the government thus resulting to slow development of the host countries. As local companies adopt foreign domestic investment, they are faced with various risks that range from currency risk to political risks. Based on the need to produce a budget that entails all the assets and liabilities that firms have at a certain date, it is imperative to incorporate the risks so as to provide fair position of the companies’ financial position. Political risks entail the complications that local and foreign businesses may face due to a political change. Beside macroeconomic factors, political risks can be caused by social policies as well as changes in investment, labour and changes in development among others. Political risks can be divided into macro political risks and macro political risks. While micro political risks are specifically related to a project, macro political risks affect all sectors of a country. During capital budgeting, firms should incorporate political risks in various ways. First, an organization can adjust the cost of capital upwards in order to indicate the impact of political risk. This i s followed by discounting the expected cash flows at an increased rate. Secondly, a firm can deduct insurance premiums associated with political risks from the future cash flows. This is followed by using the normal cost of capital which is adopted by the domestic capital budgeting. The need for expansion in foreign countries has forced many firms to emulate various strategies in order to expand their tangible and intangible assets. Two notable

Corporate Communication of the British Petroleum Company Research Paper

Corporate Communication of the British Petroleum Company - Research Paper Example Analysis of the FARMA Limited company is a main topic of this research paper. The researcher describes that company has emerged as one of the largest pharmaceutical and has its operations in more than 40 countries and products available worldwide. It was started in early 2000 by a group of medical researchers from Princeton University. It is one of those companies that gained tremendous success in just a few years. The research paper focuses on different corporate communications strategies and their impact on the successful business of FARMA Limited. The company combines the best values of entrepreneurship, business ethics, and strict acquiescence with current Good Manufacturing Practices. Since its creation, FARMA Ltd. has primarily endorsed research based pharmaceutical products. It is one of those few pharmaceutical companies who have developed their brand loyalty through innovative advertising strategies along with its strong marketing base. The ground-breaking strategies have he lped its products to be positioned in their respective curative areas. FARMA Ltd. has achieved this prestigious status through creative marketing strategies, promoting team work, human resource development and high-tech production facilities. The research paper and collaboration with prominent researches presents FARMA’s commitment to successfully manufacture high quality health products as well as prosperously organize company's corporative culture and communication on different levels, from crisis and to strategic to increase future success.

Management Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Final Project - Essay Example The project showed the new shopping cart concepts that embedded the issues including shopping behavior, maneuverability, cost maintenance, and child safety. These concepts aimed at improving the management skills where both the business and the customers were the centers of interest (Kelly, 1999). As the business was reducing the loss of its fixed assets (the cart trolleys), the customer values and interest were also considered whereby despite the crewed developing in the shaping both the cost and customer safety were never compromised. Moreover, the show concentrated on the design process of the IDEO that reflected multidisciplinary team brainstormed, prototyped, and research the gathered the feedback from those who used the design. These applications deployed by the design indicated that good managerial skills that included teamwork as well as the incorporating the end users in the development and improvement of services and products (Kelly, 1999). Teamwork allows acquiring extensi ve knowledge and skills in design products and services that will meet the end users’ desire. Moreover, teamwork allows extensive innovation thereby increasing the production and sale of the intended service or product in the market line. Seeking for the views of customers within the intended product and service line is also an effective business management skill since it allows the business to design products and services that will meet the needs and wants of customers (Kelly, 1999). Notably, meeting the needs of customers within every product and service line often improves sales and profitability in the same sense (Kelly, 1999). Moreover, seeking and using feedback from the targeted customers is essential in that it is a means of improvement of services and products especially in areas that customers feel unsatisfied. It should be noted that the current business management skills are customer centered; the production of goods and services are to meet the needs of the custo mer. In this sense, the application of this design in businesses will improve businesses applying the same since they will be having an extended and elaborate market (Kelly, 1999). Additionally, every proper business management skill usually values the safety of its customer in line with production and service delivery and the IDEO’s design have ensured that child safety is a factor in their production and service delivery in the cart shopping. Another essential management skill demonstrated in case video clip, the continual improvement. Every business must give room for product and or service improvement. In the case of IDEO’s shopping cart design, the continual improvement is demonstrated where it is vivid that the design lacks some steel frame bottom and side to detect theft. However, it substituted plastic baskets thereby increasing shoppers’ flexibility and helped in protecting goods as well as providing a means of promoting the brand awareness (Kelly, 1999 ). The design also incorporated the auxiliary services that usually aim at maintaining customers to the services and products offered or acting as a means of customer attracting other customers to such news services and products. The dual child seat with a swing up tray provides a play surface and a secure spot for placing a bunch of carnations or cup of coffee. Additionally, seeking for the addition information through secondary research enable the IDEO shopping cart des

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Philosophy - Assignment Example Then test the new forms by means of the five rules to determine validity. Some people who do not regret their crimes are convicted murderers, so some convicted murderers are people insusceptible of being reformed, since all people susceptible of being reformed are people who regret their crimes. 1) All Peace Corps volunteers (PV) are people who have witnessed poverty and desolation (PD), and all people insensitive to human need PI are people who have failed to witness poverty and desolation non-PD. Thus, all Peace Corps volunteers PV are people sensitive to human need.non PI 2) All aircraft that disintegrate AD in flight are unsafe planes non-SP. Therefore, no poorly maintained PA aircraft are safe planes SP, because all well-maintained aircraft non-PA are aircraft that remain intact in flight IF. 3) No objects that sink OS in water are chunks of ice CI, and no objects that float non-OS in water are things at least as dense as water DW. Accordingly, all chunks of ice CI are things less dense than water non-DW. 4) All schools driven by careerism SC are institutions that do not emphasize liberal IL arts. It follows that some universities UN are not institutions that emphasize liberal arts IL, for some schools that are not driven by careerism non-SC are universities UN. 5) No cases of AIDS AD are infections easily curable by drugs ED, since all diseases that infect the brain DB are infections not easily curable by drugs non-ED , and all diseases that do not infect the brain non-DB are cases other than AIDS non-AD. Whenever suicide rates decline, we can infer that people’s lives are better adjusted. Accordingly, since suicide rates have been declining in recent years, we can infer that people’s lives have been better adjusted in recent years. 5) If marriage is based on a meshing of neuroses, it allows little room for growth. If a marriage allows little room for growth, it is bound to fail.

Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Happiness - Essay Example These challenges include the satisfaction of physiological needs, safety, love, and self esteem. All of which serves as the motivation for the individual to strive for self actualization which is the basis of true happiness. To begin with however, the person has to take care of his body and mind. A person has to satisfy his physiological and psychosocial needs then continue to meet his self esteem and finally self actualization. In each of this case, people should have the determination to work it out to be able to be successful at this level. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, when the lower needs are satisfied, there is the possibility that the individual may move on to the next level of need contributing to happiness. Thus, lower needs have to be maintained. A disturbance in one area may lead to disequilibrium which may result to unhappy life (Suddarth, p 4). A person who is deprived of food cannot be able to understand what love means. The absence of this may undermine the in dividual’s psychosocial capacity to be happy and share happiness to others. This goes with the idea that if a person is hungry is likely to be angry. Self actualization leads to contentment which defines happiness in a deeper sense. People who are satisfied with what they have done in their life are a true picture of happiness.

Management Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Final Project - Essay Example The project showed the new shopping cart concepts that embedded the issues including shopping behavior, maneuverability, cost maintenance, and child safety. These concepts aimed at improving the management skills where both the business and the customers were the centers of interest (Kelly, 1999). As the business was reducing the loss of its fixed assets (the cart trolleys), the customer values and interest were also considered whereby despite the crewed developing in the shaping both the cost and customer safety were never compromised. Moreover, the show concentrated on the design process of the IDEO that reflected multidisciplinary team brainstormed, prototyped, and research the gathered the feedback from those who used the design. These applications deployed by the design indicated that good managerial skills that included teamwork as well as the incorporating the end users in the development and improvement of services and products (Kelly, 1999). Teamwork allows acquiring extensi ve knowledge and skills in design products and services that will meet the end users’ desire. Moreover, teamwork allows extensive innovation thereby increasing the production and sale of the intended service or product in the market line. Seeking for the views of customers within the intended product and service line is also an effective business management skill since it allows the business to design products and services that will meet the needs and wants of customers (Kelly, 1999). Notably, meeting the needs of customers within every product and service line often improves sales and profitability in the same sense (Kelly, 1999). Moreover, seeking and using feedback from the targeted customers is essential in that it is a means of improvement of services and products especially in areas that customers feel unsatisfied. It should be noted that the current business management skills are customer centered; the production of goods and services are to meet the needs of the custo mer. In this sense, the application of this design in businesses will improve businesses applying the same since they will be having an extended and elaborate market (Kelly, 1999). Additionally, every proper business management skill usually values the safety of its customer in line with production and service delivery and the IDEO’s design have ensured that child safety is a factor in their production and service delivery in the cart shopping. Another essential management skill demonstrated in case video clip, the continual improvement. Every business must give room for product and or service improvement. In the case of IDEO’s shopping cart design, the continual improvement is demonstrated where it is vivid that the design lacks some steel frame bottom and side to detect theft. However, it substituted plastic baskets thereby increasing shoppers’ flexibility and helped in protecting goods as well as providing a means of promoting the brand awareness (Kelly, 1999 ). The design also incorporated the auxiliary services that usually aim at maintaining customers to the services and products offered or acting as a means of customer attracting other customers to such news services and products. The dual child seat with a swing up tray provides a play surface and a secure spot for placing a bunch of carnations or cup of coffee. Additionally, seeking for the addition information through secondary research enable the IDEO shopping cart des

Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Happiness - Essay Example These challenges include the satisfaction of physiological needs, safety, love, and self esteem. All of which serves as the motivation for the individual to strive for self actualization which is the basis of true happiness. To begin with however, the person has to take care of his body and mind. A person has to satisfy his physiological and psychosocial needs then continue to meet his self esteem and finally self actualization. In each of this case, people should have the determination to work it out to be able to be successful at this level. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, when the lower needs are satisfied, there is the possibility that the individual may move on to the next level of need contributing to happiness. Thus, lower needs have to be maintained. A disturbance in one area may lead to disequilibrium which may result to unhappy life (Suddarth, p 4). A person who is deprived of food cannot be able to understand what love means. The absence of this may undermine the in dividual’s psychosocial capacity to be happy and share happiness to others. This goes with the idea that if a person is hungry is likely to be angry. Self actualization leads to contentment which defines happiness in a deeper sense. People who are satisfied with what they have done in their life are a true picture of happiness.

Bank of Japan Essay Example for Free

Bank of Japan Essay Japan underwent a decade-long odyssey with deflation and the zero-bound problem. Economic activity in Japan slowed precipitously following the collapse of the socalled bubble economy in December 1989, and Japan began to experience deflation by early 1995. During this initial period, while the economy was slowing, forecasters and policymakers consistently underestimated the extent of Japan’s economic malaise. Consequently, while monetary policy seemed appropriate in terms of the prevailing outlook, the loosening proved woefully inadequate in hindsight. Convinced that Japan’s economic fundamentals were too severely distressed to be rectified with standard monetary policy measures, on March 19, 2001 the Bank of Japan announced a new policy of â€Å"quantitative easing†, in an attempt to stimulate the nation’s stagnant economy. Under this policy, the BOJ increased its current account target far beyond the level of commercial bank required reserves. This had the expected impact of reducing the already-low overnight call rate effectively to zero. In addition, the BOJ committed to maintain the policy until the core consumer price index registered â€Å"stably† a zero percent or an increase year on year. Such a policy was unprecedented in the history of central banking in any country. Available Choices and Key Decision On March 2006, which is five years after the â€Å"quantitative easing† policy embarked, the issue concern it was bring back to the desk. The Japanese economy was improving at that time and the core consumer price index (CPI) was showing steady growth after years of deflation, one of the predetermined conditions for lifting the policy. As such there was widespread speculation over the future of the policy. One question arisen: Would the current quantitative easing policy persist or would the BOJ return to a normal monetary stance that targeted interest rates? On March 9th 2006, the central bank made the widely expected decision to lift the quantitative easing policy. The BOJ also drew up a set of measures aimed at averting possible market turmoil that could result from lifting the policy. The exit from QF was announced as follows:â€Å" †¦ The outstanding balance of current accounts at the Bank of Japan will be reduced towards a level in line with required reserves. †¦ the reduction in current account balance is expected to be carried out over a period of a few months, taking full account of conditions in the short-term money market. The process will be managed through shot-term money market operations. With respect to the outright purchases of long-term interest-bearing Japanese government bonds, purchases will continue at the current amounts and frequency for some time.† Thus, the BOJ make it clear that the reduction of the excess reserves would be conducted through adjustments of its liquidity operations and not by a rapid reduction of its portfolio of Japanese government securities. In fact, the BOJ announced that it actually would maintain its outright purchases of long-term Japanese government bonds at the pace of 1.2 trillion yen per month. On the same day the BOJ made its decision, the Japan Investment Council, a ministerial-level panel chaired by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, agreed to set a target of doubling the amount of direct investment in Japan by overseas investors to 5% of gross domestic product over the next four years. Personal Decision and Reason Since the BOJ has supplied extremely ample liquidity with current account balance at the bank as the main operating target and the core consumer price index registered â€Å"stably† a zero percent or an increase year on year as the commitment has already been maintained, the exit from QE is preferred choice that BOJ should make. At that time, exports have continued to increase reflecting the expansion of overseas economies. With respect to domestic private demand, business-fixed investment has also continued to increase against the backdrop of high corporate profits. Meanwhile, the output gap is gradually narrowing. Unit labour costs generally face weakening downward pressures as wages began to rise amid productivity gains. Furthermore, firms and households are shifting up their expectations fro inflation. In this environment, year-on-year changes in the consumer price index are expected to remain positive. From all the aspects, BOJ had already fulfilled the commitment made when the quantitative easing started to carry out. Therefore, it was time for BOJ to return to a normal monetary stance that targeted interest rates. And the strategy BOJ used when exit from QE was preferred. The advantage was that the exit of QE was predominantly limited to just one item on the BOJ’s balance sheet and that the balance sheet adjustments were conducted through operations directly with the banking sector, which facilitated the management of the exit process. Since the central bank was set to maintain zero interest rates for some time, the exit from QE would avoid the undesirable effect of inducing the flow of individual investors’ duns into high-risk, high-return instruments and avoid the case rise to speculative money games played out in some corners of the real estate and stock markets. Last but not least, the process of exit from QE showed a collaborative relationship between BOJ and the government. It was a good example for BOJ to maintain a good communication with the government in order to avoid negligent lapses and avoid the distortion to the economy like which happened during the late 1980s due to the government’s excessive influence over monetary policy. This decision lead BOJ one step forward to bank’s autonomy from the state. All in all, the exit from QE in Japan had been considered a success and its experience may serve as a useful example for other central banks.

Market and business analysis of Cadburys

Market and business analysis of Cadburys Cadbury is a leading global confectionery company with an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum and candy brands. The company employs around 50,000 people and has direct operations in over 60 countries, selling their products in almost every country around the world. The company creates brands people love, brands like Cadbury, Trident and Halls. The company heritage starts back in 1824 when John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham selling cocoa and chocolate. Since then Cadbury have expanded the business throughout the world by a program of organic and acquisition leg growth. On 7 May 2008, the separation of Cadbury confectionery and Americas Beverages business was completed creating Cadbury plc with a vision to be the worlds Biggest and Best confectionery company. Mission Statement Cadbury means quality this is the company promise. The company reputation is built upon quality; the company commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that the company promise is delivered. Cadbury has established itself as a company of fairness and integrity, which always attempts to operate as a socially responsible business. Value Performance Cadbury is passionate about winning. The company competes in a tough but fair way. The company is striving, hardworking and makes the most of the abilities. The company is prepared to take risks and act with speed. Quality Cadbury put quality and safety at the heart of all of the activities such as product, people, partnerships and performance. Respect Cadbury genuinely care for the business and the colleagues which like listen, understand and respond. The company is open, friendly and welcoming. The company embraces new ideas and diverse customs and cultures. Integrity Cadbury always strive to do the right thing. The company does the business with honesty; openness and being straight forward characterize the way. Responsibility Cadbury take accountability for the social, economic and environmental impact. In this way the company aims to make the business, partners and communities better for the future. Cadbury Business Principles are the code of conduct of the company and also take account of global and local cultural and legal standards. They confirm the company commitment to the highest standards of ethics and business conduct. The core purpose of the company is creating brands people love. The core purpose captures the spirit of what the company is trying to achieve as a business. Market Share By participant, the market is relatively fragmented, with the five largest confectionery companies accounting for around 40% of the market. There are a large number of companies which participate in the markets only a regional or local basis. Cadbury compete against multinational, regional and national companies. The graph shows that Cadbury is the second highest of the total confectionery in the market share. Halls is the largest brands in candy of Cadbury. Cadbury have number one and number two confectionery market position in 20 of the worlds 50 largest confectionery markets by retail sales value. Financial statement The graph shows the financial situation of Cadbury from 2006 to 2009. As we can see in the graph, the revenue is reached  ¿Ã‚ ¡5975 million is year 2009 which is slightly increase about 5% from year 2008. In operating income, year 2009 is the highest compare to previous year which is  ¿Ã‚ ¡507 million. Last but not least, year 2009 having 9% of the operating margin which is slightly increase from year 2008. As a conclusion, In year 2009, the performance is pretty well compare to the previous year due to there a keep increase since year 2006 to 2009. PESTLE implication Political The political deals with government influence. The main laws that will affect Cadburys are the consumer protection law. These are the laws and the recent changes in food labeling. The food labeling shouldnt be too influence as Cadburys has label all their goods properly to begin with. Change in manufacturing law will also greatly influence Cadburys as the company may have to change the way to product the cereal. This could lead to the introduction of new mechanical equipment being required or more thorough checks on the current equipment. If new equipment is required if could prove to be very expensive. The Weight and Measures Act, this act should not affect Cadburys since the company have all the equipment and scales used should already be at that of the highest standard. The Trade Description Act, this again should not affect Cadburys due to all the labeling on the products should be correct and thorough giving all the ingredients. The Sale of Good Act, these state that Cadburys should not mislead the consumer. These are currently three conditions. If the government was to introduce a few more it could prove to affect Cadburys. Economic The state of the economy is the main factor. It the country was to go into recession the consumer spending would also drop due to the unemployment. The recession would bring down the sales of a lot of goods mainly the expensive things, which are not necessity. The current economy is well. The interest rates are low and consumer spending is very high. Other economic factor that could affect Cadburys launching a product would be a rise in inflation. This is a rise in price over time. Social If the population size decreased then Cadburys be less people to buy the products therefore less profit.  · If peoples lifestyles changed. For example, nowadays more people wanting to get fit and lose weight, then they will stop eating chocolate and spend their money on gym memberships and others. This means that Cadburys profits will decrease. Technological An increase in capital expenditure will affect Cadburys. For example, more up to date equipment would mean that the goods where produced quicker and cheaper but would also result in job losses. In research and development, keep developing new products to keep up with competition and customer needs. Legal More legislation in place to make sure that the workplace is safe and the worker is better protected. Expensive costs to Cadburys to implement Environment Cadbury launched a corporate social responsibility Web site called DearCadbury.com, which provides consumers information on ethical sourcing, responsible consumption and the environment. The site features Cadburys 2007/08 Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability report, which revealed that the company has reduced carbon emissions almost 4 % to date; Cadbury is aiming for a 10 % reduction by 2010. As part of Cadburys Purple Goes Green program, the company committed to a 50 % absolute reduction in carbon emissions by 2020. Cadbury also reported that it has met its 2007 goal of reducing water use by 10 % Competitors situation and SWOT analysis Cadburys major competitors are Thorntons, Lindt, Lindor, Nestle, Master food (Mars) and others. They are competing directly with Cadbury. Nestle is one of the Cadburys main competitor in the market. Nestle is one of the worlds largest food manufacturer, Nestlà ©s headquarters in Switzerland and based in 200 countries worldwide. It is renowned as the worlds leading nutrition and health based company. Nestle grows is product line through innovation as well as renovation and maintains a balance on its geo-environmental activities and product lines. They have 253,000 employees around the world. Cadburys SWOT Strengths The largest global confectionery supplier, with 9.9% of global market share. High financial strength Strong manufacturing competence, established brand name and leader in innovation. Advantage that it is totally focused on chocolate, candy, chewing gum, unique understanding of consumer in these segment. Successfully grown through its acquisition strategy. Weakness The company is dependent on the confectionery and beverage market. Other competitors have greater international experience. Opportunities Expand into new markets. Increase share through targeted acquisitions. Key to survival within the FMCG market is increasing efficiency and reducing costs. Innovation Is key driver. Threat Worldwide, there is an increasingly demanding cost environment, particularly for energy, transport, packaging and sugar. Competitive pressure from other branded suppliers. Social changes. Nestlà ©s SWOT Strengths Globally recognized as one of the largest and powerful food producer, covering almost every country. Quality is a vital element regarding nestle products. Strong internal growth and emphasis on innovation internally. Powerful brand positioning in the consumers mind. The decentralized culture in the organization encourages employees. Weakness The immense diversification portfolio of the firm makes it impossible to run every division smoothly. Retailers do not get set high margin to increase more in sales. Transportation as well as storage problem. Opportunities Invest in snacks that would further diversify its product. Provide incentives to the retailers to increase sales volume. Open cafà © that would exclusively provide Nestle products. Middle class share in most of the economies are growing much larger. Threats Pollution of product should be regarded strictly. The company has not so pretty history with the FDA. Tough market with a tougher competitor for gaining market share. Market is quite mature and the competitors specialize in a certain product that can hit hard on Nestle. In comparison of Cadburys SWOT and Nestlà ©s SWOT, Cadbury Strength against Nestle Weakness Cadbury is a brand that is a leader in innovation of products, that focuses on candy, chocolate, that satisfies the various taste of consumers whereas Nestle has a wide range of portfolio of products that exceeded the management skill and man power to manage a smooth and effective management of product. The advantage of Cadbury in the market share has given them the priority in determining the price of their products, whereas the price of Nestle product is depending on the market that they venture and they cannot set price of product that is too high that is not the interest of consumer. Nestle has also problem in locating and distributing the product due to developing countries that has poor communication and network skill between the people. Cadbury Weakness against Nestle Strength Cadburys main weakness is its international inexperience in distributing and expanding its product, whereas Nestle has the most experience in distributing and expanding of their product due to the coverage of its product is over the world. Other Cadburys weakness will be the dependant of the company on too little product line which is beverages and confectionery product unlike Nestle which having lots of the product line like drinks, snack and food that can generate the profit made. Opportunities of Cadbury and Nestle Cadbury can venture into new market to diversify their products into different sector is snack food. Nestle has also look into opening new Nestle cafà © that specialize in selling Nestle products and also promoting new products. Cadbury has to come up with more creative chocolate products to maintain its competitiveness in the market. Nestle should also reduce the portfolio of brands that cost losses to the company and focuses the skilled managers on brands that are generating sales. Threats that is face by Cadbury and Nestle Manufacturing of Nestle product has produce wastage of energy, Nestle has to improve their technology in reducing the pollution to the environment. Cadbury is also widely exposure to competition from other brands of chocolate such as Hersheys because of new product that is more innovative. Chocolate ingredients increase in price will also cost Cadbury in expenditure to purchase the product. Nestle has to improve their brand in the breakfast cereal market because it has been claim to be containing fake health benefits, more cash has to be waste to reposition their product. Market objective Environment objective Specific Aim to reduce carbon emissions Reducing water use Measureable Reduce the carbon emissions by 14% Reducing water use by 12% Achievable Improve the manufacture technology Realistic To invest new technology to save production cost. Chocolate industry have brighten future in UK and Cadbury is leading industry therefore Cadbury is able to invest new technology. Timely In year 2012, the carbon emissions has reduce 18% and reduce water use 14% compare to previous years. In this objective is aim to reduce carbon emissions and reducing water use. Due to the issues of carbon emissions can be reduce their cost of production such as replacing air compressors can be saving electrical cost and reduce the water consumption in their steam used during processing and for cleaning. To reduce water consumption, company must look for new technology of machine to reduce the water consumption. Other than that, reduce the resources of these can be helping company to save cost and protect of natural resources. In the measurement, Cadbury aim to reduce the carbon emissions by 14% and reducing water use by 12%. To achieve this objective, company must be improve the manufacture technology such as membrane technology to reduce the natural resources. Due to the background of the company, Cadbury are able to invest new technology to reduce the resources and it can be save cost when they producing chocolate. By the year of 2012, Cadbury aim in reduce 28% of carbon emissions and reduce 14% of water use compare to previous years. Societal Specific Introduce new product Create new lifestyle for Children Measureable Introduce the diet chocolate Create more children activities Achievable Strong human resources Improve RD department Realistic The improvement of CSR program. Timely In year 2012, increase the brand awareness. As for societal, Cadbury will introduce more new product in market. Children are one the largest market for Cadbury, Cadbury planning to create a new lifestyle for children. By measure, New product such as diet chocolate have potential of getting large market, the main reason is due to local citizen are getting more concern about the health. Diet chocolate is suitable for citizen concern their health. As for lifestyle of children, create more activities for children, activity such as education will help children learn more knowledge. To achieve the target, Cadbury must have strong human resources, only good employee will provide the better performance. RD department also must improve, to have more sales, product for health are very important such as diet chocolate. In realistic, improvement of CSR program is to gain more believe and loyalty from purchaser. By estimation, year 2012 will achieve the objective of societal. Brand awareness will be increase by the support of this objectiv e. Financial objective Specific Growth of revenue in UK Increase total confectionery share gain Measureable To growth 5% of revenue compare to previous years Growth in global market share and increase share in the UK by 50 bps Achievable Carry out a number of advertisements in the market and online. Realistic The revenue is keep increasing compare to previous years. Timely In year 2012, the revenue has to be 15% increase compare to year 2009. In this objective is aim to growth of revenue in UK and increase total confectionery market share. To increase the revenue and market share, Cadbury must carry out more advertisements such as produce different type of packaging to target public event. For examples, in Christmas Cadbury produce hamper for consumers as a Christmas gifts to exchange gifts with friends. In this measurement, Cadbury aim to increase 5% of revenue and increase market share in global market by 50 bps in UK. To achieve this objective, Cadbury organize more events to promote their new packaging such as Christmas hamper on the period before Christmas. In this event, Cadbury could increase sales. Due to the capital of company, Cadbury is able to produce new packaging to their product. By year of 2012 the revenue could increase 15% compare to previous years. Marketing strategy Product Cadbury dairy milk is made from real chocolate. The ingredients for the chocolate are cocoa butter and there is a glass and half full cream daily milk in every 200 grams of Cadbury daily milk chocolate. Cadbury purchase 65 million liters of fresh milk each year to make Cadbury daily milk chocolate. Price Price is very important in the marketing mix. The price changed for a chocolate bar can be affect whether a consumer will buy it and the level of sales can determine whether or not Cadbury Schweppes will make a profit. Price is also can be affected by factors such as the state of economy, what competitor are doing. The stage reached in product life cycle and above all what price the market will accept. Form the marketing point of view this is what matters. Place Cadbury products are produced at the chocolate factory in Bourneville in Birmingham. After the chocolate is produced, it will go through all quality check and transported to the stockrooms. The following, Cadbury sells the products to shops that deal with beverage and confectionery such as convenient store, super store, petrol station, and others. This kind of distributions can make consumer easy to find the product. Cadbury produces chocolate for more than 200 countries so that they have a chance to enjoy it as well and make profit. Because of this, Cadbury have a wide range of consumer around the world. Promotion The purpose of promotion is to communicate directly with potential or existing customer, in order to encourage them to purchase dairy milk and recommend it to others. There is various ways to promote the product such as TV advertisement, banner on the internet, magazine and newspapers. Forecast and Implication 3-years forecast and budget 2009 2010 2011 2012 Sales 5975 6273.75 6587.44 6916.81 Cost 3210 3370.5 3539.03 3715.98 Profit 509 534.45 561.17 589.23

Maths Statistics Coursework :: Papers

Maths Statistics Coursework Aim: In this investigation I am trying to investigate how readable 3 newspapers and if there target audience buys them. What am I going to do? To do this I am going to get 3 national newspapers, a tabloid, a broadsheet, and an in-between, and find out how readable they really are. My choice of newspapers will be: The Sun -------------- Tabloid The Times ----------- Broadsheet The Daily Mail ----- In-between How am I going to do it? To do it I have decided that the best way would be to get 5 of the same news stories on the same day in the 3 papers, and take the first 100 words of each article to see how many letters are in each word. The reason I have chosen to see how many letters are in each word is because generally small words are easier to read. Prediction: I predict that in The sun the words will be very short, hence easier to read. The Times will have the longest words, and The Daily Mail will have words that are in-between in length. The reason I have made these predictions is because I believe that The Sun is aimed at less intelligent people who like gossip were as The Times is aimed at people who are in high profile jobs, or are just more intelligent people in general. The Daily mail is more of a larger group as it has both tabloid and broadsheet qualities such as gossip and serious news all the way through. Articles Chosen to use Monday 3rd February: 1: Taxpayers may foot bill for EU students' fees. 2: Train drivers threaten strike over equal pay. 3: Race abuse officers suspended. 4: Archbishop backs Tories on detention of refugees. 5: Grandchildren cash in on legacies their parents don't need. Results: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] The Shaded areas are to show the 3 highest frequencies of letters in words for each article.

“Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave” Essay -- Literature Revi

The narrative essay of the â€Å"Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave† describes personal accounts Paul experienced as a slave. Cruel and unjust treatment done to him by his masters gave him to a strong desire to learn how to read and write in any possible way by being resourceful and be determined to learn. However, Douglas expressed â€Å"I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather a blessing† and â€Å"I envied my fellow slaves for their stupidity† (4); wherein he regrets learning and he also illustrated why he considered knowledge as a curse because he learned about freedom did not benefit him at all. In my case, I can also say I regret some things I learned in the past that I know would made me happier if I did not learned them at all. At age twelve, Douglas became a slave in the household of Mr. Hugh. Mrs. Auld was very kind and considerate when Douglas met her, because it was the first time having a slave in the household. She even taught him the A B C’s but Mr. Auld forbade instructing him. However, in the later part of the story, she changes into a wicked mistress. Mr. Auld expressed â€Å"If you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell. A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master-to do as he is told to do. Learning would spoil the best nigger in the world† (1) and this revelation was an eye opener of freedom awaits him. Mr. Auld tells his wife that if a slave was taught to read, it will cause Paul to be not satisfied and sad because he will yearn for freedom. Paul learned that learning to read is the key to his freedom. He was longing for freedom because he was treated badly. I am so impressed with the effort he put forth learning how to read and be a good writer. However, he regrets learnin... ...demonstrates that my experience did not benefit me from knowledge because I felt upset that if I have not known science, I would not doubt and my trust in God would not be at stake. Our knowledge is a key to our success and happiness in our life to give us personal satisfaction. Knowledge is power but not always. Sometimes our self-awareness and growth as an individual gives us negative thoughts that make us want to go back to undo it. Everyone wants to unlearn a part in our life that brought us pain and problems. Good or bad experiences brought by true wisdom can be used for our self-acceptance, self-fulfillment and these experiences would make us stronger as we walk to the road of our so called â€Å"life†, but Douglas’s and my experience about knowledge confirmed his belief that â€Å"Knowledge is a curse†. Both of us felt frustrated and sad from learning knowledge.